Language Acquisition and Corrective Feedback :: Education, foreign languages

Corrective feedback has been in the focus of enquiry in SLA during the last years and has become an important part in savants nomenclature acquisition. Ellis (1994) referred to feedback as the knowledge given to learners which they can role to retool their interlanguage. He also distinguishes two different kinds of feedback, confident(p) and negative feedback positive feedback has to do with the information that indicates that a hypothesis is incorrect. Ellis also mentioned some other forms of feedback such as direct or correction, indirect or the betoken for conformation, on-record which supplies direct negative raise, and off-record which supplies indirect negative feedback the negative evidence or feedback has to do with information about ungrammaticality.If corrective feedback is sufficiently striking to enable learners to notice the gap between their interlanguage forms and invest language forms, the resulting cognitive comparison may trigger a destabilization and res tructuring of the target language grammar (Ellis, 1994).Chaudron (1988) has pointed out that corrective feedback incorporates different layers of meaning. Chaudron consider the treatment of phantasm is simply any teacher behavior following an misconduct that minimally attempts to inform the learner the fact of error and finally there is the original correction which succeeds in modifying the learners interlanguage so that the error is eliminated from further production.In the view of Chaudroncited in El Tatawy (2002) the information learners get from corrective feedback allows them to confirm, disconfirm, and possibly modify the hypothetical, transitional rules of their developing grammars. Lightbown and Spada (1999) cited in El Tatawy (2002) define corrective feedback as Any indication to the learners that their use of the target language is incorrect. Schachter (1991) cited in El Tatawy (2001) stated that the feedback can be explicit, that is grammatical explanation or overt er ror correction, or implicit. unvoiced correction can be done using the following techniques balk checks, repetitions, recasts, clarification requests, silence, and even facial expressions that express confusion. (Schachter (1991) cited in El Tatawy (2001))Tedick and Gortari (1998) total different types of corrective feedback1. Explicit correction. When the teacher provides direct corrective feedback to the learner after s/he has made any mistakeS ... the coyote, the bison and the gr...grane. (phonological error)T And the crane. We say crane.2. Recast. The teacher indirectly provides corrective feedback to the learners, but tries to reformulate the utterance.S You is a very good teacher. (grammatical error)T You are a good teacher. Good.3. Clarification request. The teacher uses some phrases such as assuage me?